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Fathers' rights movement in the United States
The fathers' rights movement in the United States is a loosely affiliated group that provides fathers with education, support and advocacy on family law issues of child custody, access, child support, domestic violence and child abuse. Members protest what they see as evidence of gender bias against fathers in the branches and departments of various governments, including the family courts.
The movement traces its roots to divorce and alimony controversies in the 1960s. Today, the modern father's rights movement generally focuses on issues regarding shared parenting while providing support and public awareness for fathers and children after a divorce or separation.
Different fathers' rights organizations may also advocate for non-married fathers' rights through lobbying efforts or news media outlets. Other advocacy topics include gender bias, both culturally and from within the legal system, visitation, adoption, maternal gatekeeping and parental alienation.
==History==
The modern fathers’ rights movement in the US emerged with the founding of Divorce Racket Busters in California in 1960 to protest California's divorce laws, which they claimed discriminated against men in alimony, child support settlements and in a presumption of maternal custody. The group expanded into other states, changing its name to Divorce Reform in 1961. With the increase in divorce rates in the 1960s and 1970s, more local grassroots men’s organizations grew up devoted to divorce reform,〔 and by the 1980s, there were a total of more than 200 fathers’ rights groups active in almost every state. These groups focused their actions on what they viewed as gender discrimination in family law, by engaging in political activities such as lobbying state legislatures, filing class action suits, picketing courthouses, and monitoring judges’ decisions through “court watches”.〔 The 1990s saw the emergence of new and larger organizations such as National Fatherhood Initiative and the American Fathers Coalition.〔 Several unsuccessful efforts were made to found a national organization to which local organizations could belong. As a result, the movement remains mainly a loose coalition of local groups.〔
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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